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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2025 Sep 27;272(10):658.
doi: 10.1007/s00415-025-13374-9.

VSports在线直播 - Cognitive stimulation in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment

Jolanda Buonocore  1   2 , Noemi Iaccino  1 , Giusi Torchia  1 , Francesca Curcio  1 , Fabio Michelangelo Pirrotta  1 , Marianna Contrada  3 , Caterina Pucci  3 , Antonio Gambardella  1 , Aldo Quattrone  2 , Alberto Pilotto  4 , Loris Pignolo  5 , Gennarina Arabia  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Cognitive stimulation in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (VSports app下载)

Jolanda Buonocore et al. J Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment is among the most frequent and disabling non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), often emerging early and substantially impacting autonomy and quality of life. While cognitive stimulation (CS) is supported in other neurodegenerative conditions, its role in PD is less explored. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a therapist-guided, home-based CS program, delivered via a virtual reality rehabilitation system, with a conventional in-person CS intervention. VSports手机版.

Methods: Of 123 individuals screened, 45 patients with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) were randomized to either the tele-rehabilitation group (TRG; n = 25) or the control group (CG; n = 20). Both groups received the same standardized 4-week CS program (20 multi-domain sessions, 5 days/week), targeting memory, attention, executive functions, language, and visuospatial skills. The TRG trained at home via the VRRS platform under remote supervision, while the CG attended outpatient sessions. Neuropsychological and clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3) V体育安卓版. Analyses included repeated-measures ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, and categorical comparisons based on predefined clinical cut-offs. .

Results: All participants completed the intervention with adherence exceeding 90% in both groups. At T2, the TRG showed greater improvements than the CG in global cognition, working memory, and delayed recall. These effects remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, baseline performance, and cognitive reserve index, and were robust to false discovery rate correction. Regression models confirmed these improvements V体育ios版. Categorical analyses also showed a marked reduction in pathological scores in the TRG in the same domains. .

Conclusion: A short-term, therapist-guided CS program delivered via tele-rehabilitation effectively improved cognitive functioning in PD-MCI, with partial benefits maintained at 6 months, especially in memory and executive domains VSports最新版本. The intervention was particularly beneficial for memory and executive functions, highlighting telemedicine as a promising and accessible option for cognitive care in PD. .

Keywords: Cognitive stimulation; Digital health; Mild cognitive impairment; Non-pharmacological treatment; Parkinson’s disease; Tele-rehabilitation V体育平台登录. .

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest. Ethical statement: The procedures outlined in the study adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions. The study complies with regulatory requirements and legal obligations as specified in Legislative Decree no. 211 dated 24/06/2003 and Ministerial Decree dated 17/12/2004 of the Italian government, about non-profit studies VSports注册入口. Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from each participant included in the study. The patient informed consent file is attached in the supplementary material. Consent for publication: All authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors; all gave explicit consent to submit and obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out.

Figures (V体育2025版)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of study design and timeline. The study includes an initial eligibility screening, followed by written informed consent and baseline randomization (T1) into two groups: the Tele-Rehabilitation Group (TRG) and the Control Group (CG). The TRG received remote cognitive stimulation at home, while the CG participated in conventional outpatient therapy. Both groups underwent neuropsychological assessments at three time points: baseline (T1), after 4 weeks of treatment (T2), and 6 months post-intervention (T3). The arrows depict the progression and timeline of the interventions and follow-up assessments
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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