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. 2025 Jun 4;25(11):3533.
doi: 10.3390/s25113533.

"VSports" Design and Application of a Radiofrequency Spectrophotometry Sensor for Measuring Esophageal Liquid Flow to Detect Gastroesophageal Reflux

Pedro J Fito  1 , Ricardo J Colom  2 , Rafael Gadea-Girones  2 , Jose M Monzo  2 , Angel Tebar-Ruiz  2 , F Javier Puertas  3   4 , Marta Castro-Giraldez  1
Affiliations

Design and Application of a Radiofrequency Spectrophotometry Sensor for Measuring Esophageal Liquid Flow to Detect Gastroesophageal Reflux (VSports在线直播)

Pedro J Fito et al. Sensors (Basel). .

"V体育官网入口" Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widespread condition that requires reliable and non-invasive diagnostic methods to minimize patient discomfort. This study presents a radiofrequency spectrophotometry sensor specifically designed to detect esophageal liquid flow and ionicity in real time without disrupting the patient's daily life. The sensor operates by measuring dielectric properties and ionic conductivity through the thoracic plexus, eliminating the need for invasive probes or prolonged monitoring. A study conducted on 49 participants demonstrated the sensor's ability to differentiate between various liquid media and identify beta dispersion relaxation as a biomarker for esophageal tissue damage, a key indicator of GERD progression. Additionally, alpha dispersion conductivity effectively distinguished reflux episodes, proving the sensor's high sensitivity VSports手机版. Unlike traditional diagnostic techniques such as endoscopy or pH monitoring, this radiofrequency spectrophotometry sensor enables continuous, real-time reflux detection, allowing patients to maintain a normal lifestyle during assessment. The results validate its potential as an innovative alternative for GERD diagnosis and monitoring, with future research focused on clinical validation, optimization, and integration into long-term patient monitoring systems. .

Keywords: GERD; bioimpedance; radiofrequency spectroscopy; reflux V体育安卓版. .

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"VSports" Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest V体育ios版. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures (VSports注册入口)

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sensor developed to measure dielectric properties across the thoracic plexus and reach the esophagus. (A) represents the adhesive ECG electrodes (2) and the analyzer prototype (3); (B) represents a scheme of the measurer system, where 1 is the thoracic plexus, 2 is the electrodes, 3 is the analyzer, and 4 is the computer; and (C) represents a picture of the thoracic plexus (1) with the adhesive ECG electrodes (2) applicated in the measured disposition.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of health and lifestyle on the incidence of gastric problems and, in particular, the incidence of reflux in LSD intervals. (A) The the effect of body fat fraction on the incidence of general gastric problems. (B) The effect of body fat fraction on the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux. (C) Smoking status versus the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux. (D) The visceral fat content versus the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Positioning of the two poles (blue) to allow the signal to penetrate the esophagus (red) and to measure the cardiac valve (orange). The electric field lines are in black. The measurement “d” represents the distance between the poles. On the right, the measurement circuit is shown, designed to determine the intensity and the voltage difference between the poles and to be able to calculate the complex permittivity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Permittivity spectra in radiofrequency range for Subject 39 (woman, 39 years old, 161 cm of height and 69.8 kg of weight): (A) dielectric constant, (B) loss factor, (C) ionic conductivity (S/m), (D) modulus of permittivity. (●) The spectrum measured with an empty esophagus, (●) when the esophagus was filled with water, (●) when the esophagus was filled with orange juice, and (●) when it was filled with 1% brine.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of suffering from reflux incidence on relaxation values. (A) Ionic conductivity at β relaxation (S/m). (B) The frequency in β relaxation. (C) The frequency in α relaxation. (D) The dielectric constant in β relaxation. All graphs are represented with LSD intervals.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dielectric constant in relaxation frequencies related to the ingested liquid flowing throughout the esophagus: (A) α relaxation and (B) β relaxation. Represented with LSD intervals.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Dielectric properties at α dispersion related to the ingested liquid flowing throughout the esophagus: (A) loss factor and (B) ionic conductivity (S/m). Represented with LSD intervals.
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