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. 2025 Sep 3;20(9):e0330544.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330544. eCollection 2025.

Ongoing circulation of emerging tick-borne viruses in Poland, Eastern Europe

Koray Ergunay  1 , Gocha Golubiani  2 , Giorgi Kirkitadze  2 , Drew D Reinbold-Wasson  2 , Brian P Bourke  1 , Cody A Phelps  2 , Adam Kotorashvili  2 , Nato Kotaria  2 , Christine E Hulseberg  2 , Tamar Chunashvili  2 , Andrew Sydenstricker  2 , Anano Shubashishvili  2 , Thomas A Musich  2 , Yvonne-Marie Linton  1
Affiliations

VSports app下载 - Ongoing circulation of emerging tick-borne viruses in Poland, Eastern Europe

Koray Ergunay et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract (V体育平台登录)

In order to investigate previously reported expansion of tick-borne pathogenic viruses in Eastern Europe, we conducted this study using pooled ticks collected from various locations in Poland, utilizing Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) and metagenomic sequencing. We processed 575 Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks and generated 280 virus assemblies in 20 pools. Viruses representing 28 species or strains classified in 12 families or higher taxonomic ranks were observed. We identified four tick-borne human pathogens including Alongshan virus (ALSV), Tacheng tick virus 1 (TcTV-1), Tacheng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2) and Nuomin virus (NUMV), in 55% of the pools, comprising 19. 2% of the assemblies. We detected ALSV in I. ricinus ticks, with virus genome segments in complete or near-complete forms, comprising the initial reporting of ALSV from Poland. Further analyses revealed phylogenomic clustering with ALSV strains from Europe and lack of recombination signals among virus genomes. TcTV-1 was detected in 35% of the pools comprising D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks, implicating I. ricinus in TcTV-1 transmission for the first time. Maximum likelihood analyses on TcTV-1 and TcTV-2 genome segments indicated separate clustering patterns suggesting geographically-segregated clades VSports手机版. Evidence for NUMV or a closely-related chuvirus in I. ricinus ticks was further noted. In conclusion, we identified persistence of previously-documented tick-borne pathogens in Poland as well as additional viruses such as ALSV. Assessment of temporal and spatial patterns for virus circulation and diagnostic assays for these agents is needed. The distribution and public health impact of these pathogens throughout Europe require further investigation. .

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Conflict of interest statement (VSports最新版本)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

"VSports注册入口" Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The maximum likelihood trees of the Alongshan virus proteins.
The trees are based on NS5-like protein (A: segment 1, 849 amino acids), VP1a/b (B: segment 2, 460 amino acids), NS3-like protein (C: segment 3, 483 amino acids) and VP2/3 (D: segment 4, 757 amino acids) alignments. The trees are constructed using the LG model (segments 1, 3 and 4) or the Jones-Taylor-Thornton model (segment 2), with a discrete Gamma distribution (G) for 500 replications. Sequences obtained in the study are labeled with sample identifiers. Virus strains are indicated by GenBank accession number, name and isolate identifier. Baishan forest tick virus was included as an outgroup.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The maximum likelihood trees of the Orthonairovirus proteins.
The trees are based on replicase (A: L segment, 500 amino acids), glycoprotein precursor (B: M segment, 213 amino acids) and nucleoprotein (C: S segment, 180 amino acids) alignments, and constructed using the Jones-Taylor-Thornton model for 500 replications. Sequences obtained in the study are labeled with sample identifiers. Virus strains are indicated by GenBank accession number, name and isolate identifier. Shayang spider virus 1 was included as an outgroup.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The maximum likelihood tree of the Phenuivirus replicase.
The tree is based on an alignment of 324 amino acids, and constructed using the LG model with a discrete Gamma distribution (G) and invariable sites (I), for 500 replications. Sequences obtained in the study are labeled with sample identifiers. Virus strains are indicated by GenBank accession number, name and isolate identifier. Tick phlebovirus Anatolia 1 was included as an outgroup.
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