Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in . gov or . mil VSports app下载. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely V体育官网. .

. 2025 Apr 25;104(17):e42027.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042027.

Emerging age, sex, ethnoracial, and regional trends in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality among children from 1999 to 2020 (VSports app下载)

Rubyisha Sheikh  1 , Nushma Shaikh  2 , Mateen Ahmed  3 , Zara Jamil  4 , Maria Camp Wala  5 , Kashish Khan  6 , Biya Maqsood  4 , Eiman Zeeshan  7 , Priyanka Keshav Lal  4 , Muhammad Taha Khan  1 , Fatima Ali Raza  1 , Ajeet Singh  8 , Mohamed Daoud  9 , Samia Aziz Sulaiman  10
Affiliations

Emerging age, sex, ethnoracial, and regional trends in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality among children from 1999 to 2020

Rubyisha Sheikh et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Deaths related to pneumonia and influenza have been consistently declining overall in the United States (US). However, pneumonia remains one of the highest causes for morbidity and mortality, demographic and regional trends and disparities in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality must be comprehensively studied VSports手机版. This study analyzed mortality data extracted from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for children under 5 years of age. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated and Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify trends based on annual percentage changes (APCs) values. A total of 17,229 pneumonia and influenza-related deaths occurred among children < 5 years between 1999 and 2020 (CMR: 3. 3; 95% CI: 3. 2-3. 3). CMRs were consistently higher in male children (CMR: 3. 5; 95% CI: 3. 5-3. 6) and among Black Americans (CMR: 5. 8; 95% CI: 5. 6-6. 0), while lowest in Asian/Pacific Islanders (CMR: 2. 4; 95% CI: 2. 2-2. 6). Among states, CMRs were highest in Alaska (CMR 6. 9; 95% CI: 5. 6-8. 5). Nonmetropolitan areas had comparatively higher CMRs (CMR: 4; 95% CI: 2. 9-3). A consistent decline was found in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality in children < 5 years old. Targeted strategies addressing the existing disparities can help optimize health outcomes and improve survival rates in populations at risk. .

Keywords: influenza; mortality trends; pneumonia V体育安卓版. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Trends in under 5 years pneumonia and influenza-related mortality overall and stratified by sex in the US, 1999–2020. * indicates the statistically significant difference of APC from 0 at α = 0.05. APC = annual percentage change, US = United States.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Under 5 years pneumonia and influenza-related crude mortality trends stratified by race in the US, 1999–2020. * indicates the statistically significant difference of APC from 0 at α = 0.05. APC = annual percentage change, US = United States.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Under 5 years pneumonia and influenza-related crude mortality trends stratified by States in the US, 1999–2020. US = United States.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lafond KE, Nair H, Rasooly MH, et al. ; Global Respiratory Hospitalizations—Influenza Proportion Positive (GRIPP) Working Group. Global role and burden of influenza in pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, 1982-2012: a systematic analysis. PLoS Med. 2016;13:e1001977. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang X, Li Y, O’Brien KL, et al. ; Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e497–510. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H; WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:895–903. - "VSports注册入口" PMC - PubMed
    1. Bengoechea JA, Sa Pessoa J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019;43:123–44. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Johnson EK, Sylte D, Chaves SS, et al. . Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment. Popul Health Metr. 2021;19:31. - PMC - PubMed