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Review
. 2019 Jun;76(11):2059-2076.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03018-3. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

V体育官网入口 - The functional roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer

Man Wang  1 , Li Zhou  2 , Fei Yu  3 , Yinfeng Zhang  3 , Peifeng Li  3 , Kun Wang  4
Affiliations
Review

The functional roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer (V体育ios版)

Man Wang et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular membranous vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. Exosomes have become indispensable facilitators in the exchange of information between cells. More importantly, exosomes perform a crucial role in a variety of diseases including cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are over 200 nucleotides long transcripts that exhibit no or limited protein-coding potentials VSports手机版. LncRNAs are an emerging group of regulatory RNAs and can be selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomal lncRNAs play a central role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression by modulating tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs function as messengers in cell-to-cell communication, and thus remodel the tumor microenvironment. Their function relevance in cancer biology hints at the possibility of employing exosomal lncRNAs as promising, non-invasive biomarkers for further cancer therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of current research on the functional roles of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers. .

Keywords: Cancer diagnosis; Cancer pathogenesis; Cancer therapy; Exosome biogenesis; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Long non-coding RNA V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic illustration of exosome biogenesis and release. Exosome biogenesis begins with early endosome formation during endocytosis. The membrane proteins are internalized and delivered to early endosomes. Early endosomes are then matured into late endosomes, in which multiple intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are generated by the inward budding of endosomal membranes. The accumulation of ILVs leads to the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Proteins and nucleic acids produced by the donor cell can be sorted to exosomes during MVB formation. Exosomes are released into the extracellular environment through the fusion of MVB with the cellular membrane. Exosomes are taken up by recipient cells through three pathways: direct fusion, receptor-mediated fusion or endocytosis. The exosomal lncRNAs are subsequently delivered to the recipient cell, thus exerting regulatory effect on various physiological processes. A LncRNAs sponge miRNAs to regulate the expression of their target genes. B LncRNAs can interact with mRNAs and recruit translation repressors to cooperatively inhibit mRNA translation. C LncRNAs serve as scaffolds for different proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which can regulate gene expression. D LncRNAs guide epigenetic modifiers to alter the chromatin structure, histone methylation/acetylation level as well as DNA methylation level. E LncRNAs interact with the transcription complex as the guide or decoy to promote or suppress gene transcription. F LncRNAs also function as enhancers to induce gene transcription
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