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Review
. 2018 Apr 27;19(5):1310.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19051310.

V体育平台登录 - Noncoding RNA:RNA Regulatory Networks in Cancer

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Review

V体育安卓版 - Noncoding RNA:RNA Regulatory Networks in Cancer

Jia Jia Chan et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

"V体育ios版" Abstract

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome. This largest class of RNA transcripts plays diverse roles in a multitude of cellular processes, and has been implicated in many pathological conditions, especially cancer VSports手机版. The different subclasses of ncRNAs include microRNAs, a class of short ncRNAs; and a variety of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as lincRNAs, antisense RNAs, pseudogenes, and circular RNAs. Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of these ncRNAs in competitive regulatory interactions, known as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, whereby lncRNAs can act as microRNA decoys to modulate gene expression. These interactions are often interconnected, thus aberrant expression of any network component could derail the complex regulatory circuitry, culminating in cancer development and progression. Recent integrative analyses have provided evidence that new computational platforms and experimental approaches can be harnessed together to distinguish key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, which could facilitate the identification of robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and hence, more effective cancer therapies and better patient outcome and survival. .

Keywords: cancer; ceRNA; circRNA; lncRNA; miRNA; pseudogene. V体育安卓版.

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Conflict of interest statement (VSports注册入口)

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Coding and noncoding classes of RNA. Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) gives rise to protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and other species that can be categorized into short and long ncRNAs. Short ncRNAs consist of microRNA (miRNA), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) include long intergenic ncRNA (lincRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), pseudogenes, and circular RNA (circRNA).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of mRNA/miRNA/lncRNA. (A) miRNAs bind to specific miRNA response elements (MREs), which are found on coding (ceRNA A) and noncoding transcripts (ceRNA B, C and D) to suppress gene expression. Transcripts with MREs for the same miRNAs can compete for binding to a shared pool of miRNAs to reduce their availability (ceRNA A–D can compete for miRNA 1; ceRNA A, C, and D compete for miRNA 2; ceRNA B and C compete for miRNA 3). Transcripts with more MREs (for different miRNAs and of mixed affinities) may cooperatively bind miRNAs for more effective competition. MREs are represented by ovals that are in corresponding colors to their targeting miRNAs. (B) Schematic illustrating the conditions for optimal ceRNA crosstalk. Excess miRNAs compared to their targets leads to target repression, whereas, excess ceRNA molecules and low miRNA concentrations result in depression of target expression. Optimal ceRNA crosstalk occurs when miRNAs and their targets are in equimolar concentrations.

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