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Review
. 2014 Nov 21;20(43):15955-64.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.15955.

Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Manuel Schlageter  1 , Luigi Maria Terracciano  1 , Salvatore D'Angelo  1 , Paolo Sorrentino  1
Affiliations
Review

"VSports注册入口" Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma

"V体育安卓版" Manuel Schlageter et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

"V体育2025版" Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the sixth most common type of cancer with a high mortality rate and an increasing incidence worldwide VSports手机版. Its etiology is usually linked to environmental, dietary or life-style factors. HCC most commonly arises in a cirrhotic liver but interestingly an increasing proportion of HCCs develop in the non-fibrotic or minimal fibrotic liver and a shift in the underlying etiology can be observed. Although this process is yet to be completely understood, this changing scenario also has impact on the material seen by pathologists, presenting them with new diagnostic dilemmas. Histopathologic criteria for diagnosing classical, progressed HCC are well established and known, but with an increase in detection of small and early HCCs due to routine screening programs, the diagnosis of these small lesions in core needle biopsies poses a difficult challenge. These lesions can be far more difficult to distinguish from one another than progressed HCC, which is usually a clear cut hematoxylin and eosin diagnosis. Furthermore lesions thought to derive from progenitor cells have recently been reclassified in the WHO. This review summarizes recent developments and tries to put new HCC biomarkers in context with the WHOs reclassification. Furthermore it also addresses the group of tumors known as combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinomas. .

Keywords: Hepatocellular carinoma; Histology; Pathology V体育安卓版. .

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Figures (V体育官网入口)

Figure 1
Figure 1
Growth patterns of progressed hepatocellular carcinoma. A: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with trabecular growth pattern [hematoxylin and eosin (HE), × 300]; B: HCC with pseudoglandular growth pattern (HE, × 100); C: HCC with solid growth pattern (HE, × 200); D: HCC with giant cell formation (HE, × 200).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histologic variants of hepatocellular carcinoma. A: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), clear cell variant [hematoxylin and eosin (HE), × 100]; B: HCC with lymphoid stroma (HE, × 100/× 200). C: HCC, steatohepatic variant (HE, × 200); D: HCC, fibrolamellar variant (HE, × 50).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Immunohistochemistry. A: Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [hematoxylin and eosin (HE), × 20]; B: Glypican-3 (HE, × 10/× 200); C: Heat-shock-protein 70 (HE, × 10/× 200); D: Gluthamine-synthetase (HE, × 10/× 200).
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