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. 2014 Jul 1;5(4):571-5.
doi: 10.4161/gmic.32130.

Rifaximin, gut microbes and mucosal inflammation: unraveling a complex relationship (VSports注册入口)

Jun Gao  1 , Merritt G Gillilland 3rd  1 , Chung Owyang  1
Affiliations

Rifaximin, gut microbes and mucosal inflammation: unraveling a complex relationship

Jun Gao et al. Gut Microbes. .

Abstract

Rifaximin is a non-systemic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Clinical studies indicate that rifaximin is beneficial in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of rifaximin is not clear. In a recent study, we reported that rifaximin alters the bacterial population in the ileum of rats, leading to a relative abundance of Lactobacillus species VSports手机版. These changes prevent gut inflammation and visceral hyperalgesia caused by chronic stress. To more closely mirror human clinical studies in which rifaximin is used to treat IBS symptoms, we performed additional studies and showed that rifaximin reversed mucosal inflammation and barrier dysfunction evoked by chronic stress. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a striking increase in the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and a marked reduction in the number of segmented filamentous bacteria after rifaximin treatment. These microbial changes may contribute to the antiinflammatory effects of rifaximin on the intestinal mucosa. .

Keywords: Lactobacillus; gut microbiota; inflammatory cytokines; irritable bowel syndrome; psychological stress; segmented filamentous bacteria; tight junction protein V体育安卓版. .

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Treatment with rifaximin (150 mg/kg, twice daily, oral gavage) reversed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and abnormal tight junction protein in the ileal tissues evoked by chronic WAS. mRNA levels of cytokines and occludin were measured with real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Data are presented as fold change in each target mRNA level relative to expression in control samples after normalization of GAPDH. Compared with chronic treatment with vehicle, ten days of oral gavage of rifaximin decreased the IL-17, IL-1β, Interferon-γ and TNF-α mRNA levels and increased the occludin mRNA level in rats previously subjected to chronic WAS. (n = 6 in each group, *P < 0.05 WAS compared with control; #P < 0.05 rifaximin compared with vehicle treated rats subjected to WAS)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relative abundance of selected phylotypes identified from bacterial communities in the terminal ileum. Error bars represent SEM; WAS = water avoidance stress, N.D. = not detected. * is significantly different than sham WAS; # is significantly different than WAS (Conover–Inman post hoc test for multiple comparisons, P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of chronic stress and antibiotics on VMR to CRD. EMG amplitude expressed as mean change from baseline (sham WAS) after WAS. Rifaximin (150 mg/kg, twice daily, oral gavage) markedly attenuated the increased VMR to CRD induced by WAS at 40 and 60 mmHg (n = 6 in each group, *P < 0.05 compared with the sham WAS, #P < 0.05 compared with WAS).
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References (VSports在线直播)

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