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. 2011 Mar;19(3):476-82.
doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.215. Epub 2010 Oct 7.

"V体育2025版" Pregravid obesity associates with increased maternal endotoxemia and metabolic inflammation

Subhabrata Basu  1 , Maricela Haghiac, Peter Surace, Jean-Claude Challier, Michele Guerre-Millo, Katherine Singh, Thaddeus Waters, Judi Minium, Larraine Presley, Patrick M Catalano, Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon
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Pregravid obesity associates with increased maternal endotoxemia and metabolic inflammation

Subhabrata Basu et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Mar.

Abstract (VSports手机版)

Obese pregnant women develop severe insulin resistance and enhanced systemic and placental inflammation, suggesting associated modifications of endocrine and immune functions. Activation of innate immunity by endotoxins/lipopolysaccharides (LPS) has been proposed as a mechanism for enhancing metabolic alterations in disorders with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune responses developed by the adipose tissue (AT) and their potential links to maternal endotoxemia in pregnancy with obesity. Blood and subcutaneous abdominal AT were obtained from 120 lean and obese women (term pregnancy) recruited at delivery. Gene expression was assessed in AT and stromal vascular cells isolated from a subset of 24 subjects from the same cohort. Doubling of plasma endotoxin concentrations indicated subclinical endotoxemia in obese compared with lean women. This was associated with significant increase in systemic C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations. AT inflammation was characterized by accumulation of CD68(+) macrophages with a threefold increased gene expression of the macrophage markers CD68, EMR1, and CD14. Gene expression for cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and for LPS-sensing CD14, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), translocating chain-associated membrane protein 2 was 2. 5-5-fold higher in stromal cells of obese compared to lean. LPS-treated cultured stromal cells of obese women expressed a 5-16-fold stimulation of the same cytokines upregulated in vivo. Our data demonstrate that subclinical endotoxemia is associated with systemic and AT inflammation in obese pregnant women VSports手机版. Recognition of bacterial pathogens may contribute to the combined dysfunction of innate immunity and the metabolic systems in AT. .

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"VSports手机版" Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Accumulation of CD68+ macrophages in the adipose tissue vascular stroma
Right panel : histochemical analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue shows rare CD68+ staining (dark brown) in a section from a representative lean woman (pre-gravid BMI: 22.5). In contrast, the section from an obese woman (pre-gravid BMI: 31.7) shows an increased number of dark brown stained cells accumulating in the stroma vascular space in between the adipocytes. Scale bar: 20 μm. Magnification X 100. Left panel: quantification of adipocytes size (top) and CD68+ macrophage number (bottom) in adipose tissue sections. Mean + SEM of n = 14 adipose tissue sections from obese (solid bars) and n = 7 from lean (open bars) women. Statistical significance: *p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Endocrine and immune related genes in adipose tissue of obese pregnant women
Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 14 obese and 11 lean women undergoing term elective C-section. Data (mean ± SEM) were expressed as fold changes in obese vs. lean after normalization to β-actin. Statistical significance: * p< 0.05. Lean: open bars, obese: solid bars.
Figure 3
Figure 3. A. Increased cytokine expression in isolated stromal vascular cells of obese pregnant women
Total RNA was isolated from cultured stromal vascular cells from 11 obese and 4 lean women. MCP1, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and leptin mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. B. Expression of endotoxin sensitive genes is increased in isolated stromal vascular cells of obese pregnant women. Total RNA was isolated from cultured stromal vascular cells from 8 obese and 4 lean women. CD14, TLR4, and TRAM2 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Data (mean ± SEM) were expressed as fold changes in obese vs. lean after normalization to β-actin. Statistical significance: * p< 0.05. Lean: open bars, obese: solid bars
Figure 4
Figure 4. LPS stimulates the expression and the release of cytokines and chemokines in stromal vascular cells in pregnant women
Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from LPS-stimulated cultured stromal vascular cells from 10 obese and 5 lean women. Cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA as described in Methods. Data (mean ± SEM) were expressed as fold changes in LPS - treated vs. untreated cells in each group: obese (A) and lean (B). Real-time Ct values were normalized to β-actin. Statistical significance: * p< 0.05; no treatment: open bars, LPS treatment: solid bars
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