"VSports在线直播" Parainfluenza
Definition
Parainfluenza refers to a group of viruses that lead to upper and lower respiratory infections.
"VSports最新版本" Alternative Names
Human parainfluenza virus; HPIVs
Causes
There are four types of parainfluenza virus VSports app下载. They can all cause lower or upper respiratory infections in adults and children. The virus can cause croup, bronchiolitis, bronchitis and certain types of pneumonia.
The exact number of parainfluenza cases is unknown. The number is suspected to be very high. Infections are most common in fall and winter. Parainfluenza infections are most severe in infants and become less severe with age. By school age, most children have been exposed to the parainfluenza virus V体育官网. Most adults have antibodies against parainfluenza, although they can get repeat infections.
VSports在线直播 - Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection VSports手机版. Cold-like symptoms consisting of a runny nose and mild cough are common. Life-threatening respiratory symptoms can be seen in young infants with bronchiolitis and those with weak immune system.
In general, symptoms may include:
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing
- Cough or croup
"VSports注册入口" Exams and Tests
A physical exam may show sinus tenderness, swollen glands, and a red throat. The health care provider will listen to the lungs and chest with a stethoscope V体育安卓版. Abnormal sounds, such as crackling or wheezing, may be heard.
Tests that may be done include:
- Arterial blood gases
- "VSports" Blood cultures (to rule out other causes of pneumonia)
- Chest x-ray
- V体育平台登录 - CT scan of the chest
- V体育2025版 - Complete blood count (CBC)
- Swab of nose for rapid viral test including the virus that causes COVID-19
Treatment (VSports在线直播)
There is no specific treatment for the viral infection V体育ios版. Certain treatments are available for the symptoms of croup and bronchiolitis to make breathing easier. .
V体育官网 - Outlook (Prognosis)
Most infections in adults and older children are mild and recovery takes place without treatment, unless the person is very old or has an abnormal immune system. Medical intervention may be necessary if breathing difficulties develop VSports最新版本.
Possible Complications
Secondary bacterial infections are the most common complication. Airway obstruction in croup and bronchiolitis can be severe and even life threatening, especially in younger children V体育平台登录.
"VSports在线直播" When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your provider if:
- You or your child develops croup, wheezing, or any other type of breathing difficulty.
- A child under 18 months develops any type of upper respiratory symptom.
Prevention (VSports手机版)
There are no vaccines available for parainfluenza VSports注册入口. A few preventive measures that may help include:.
- Avoid crowds to limit exposure during peak outbreaks.
- Wash your hands often.
- Limit exposure to day care centers and nurseries, if possible.
References
Ison MG V体育官网入口. Parainfluenza viruses. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 156.
Weinberg GA, Edwards KM. Parainfluenza viral disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds VSports在线直播. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 339.
Welliver Sr RC. Parainfluenza viruses. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 179.