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. 2021 Jan 15:752:141856.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141856. Epub 2020 Aug 20.

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate (VSports注册入口)

Caroline X Gao  1 , Yuguo Li  2 , Jianjian Wei  3 , Sue Cotton  4 , Matthew Hamilton  5 , Lei Wang  6 , Benjamin J Cowling  7
Affiliations

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate

Caroline X Gao et al. Sci Total Environ. .

Abstract

The exact transmission route of many respiratory infectious diseases remains a subject for debate to date. The relative contribution ratio of each transmission route is largely undetermined, which is affected by environmental conditions, human behaviour, the host and the microorganism VSports手机版. In this study, a detailed mathematical model is developed to investigate the relative contributions of different transmission routes to a multi-route transmitted respiratory infection. The following transmission routes are considered: long-range airborne transmission, short-range airborne transmission, direction inhalation of medium droplets or droplet nuclei, direct deposition of droplets of all sizes, direct and indirect contact route. It is illustrated that all transmission routes can dominate the total transmission risk under different scenarios. Influential parameters considered include the dose-response rate of different routes, droplet governing size that determines pathogen content in droplets, exposure distance, and pathogen dose transported to the hand of infector. Our multi-route transmission model provided a comprehensive but straightforward method to evaluate the probability of respiratory diseases transmission via different routes. It also established a basis for predicting the impact of individual-level intervention methods such as increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective masks. .

Keywords: Bioaerosol; Building ventilation; Long-range airborne route; Multi-route transmission; Respiratory infection; Short-range airborne route. V体育安卓版.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

"VSports最新版本" Figures

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Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Illustration of different transmission routes of respiratory disease in indoor environments. α is the spreading angle of the idealized respiratory jet of the infector and sij is the exposure distance.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Total infection risk and relative contribution under different transmission route dominant scenarios. Note: parameter setting for the models are: (A) default, see Table 1; (B) face to face exposure time ti, j = 0.5 h and ACH = 0.5; (C) largest high viral-load droplet, dg = 30 μm and room exposure time tk = ti, j = 1 (D) dose-response coefficient for direct inhalation, ηin = 1; (E) virus concentration dilution rate in larger droplets ξdd (do) = 1 and the dose-response coefficient for membrane exposure ηm = 1; (F) all dose effects coefficient ηa = ηin = ηm = 1 and nasal discharge dilution factors ξdm = 1.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of close-contact exposure distance on contribution ratios of different transmission routes. Note: parameter setting see Table 1.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of ventilation rates on contribution ratios of different transmission routes. Note: face to face exposure time 30 min and other parameter settings see Table 1.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Contribution ratios of different transmission routes with varying dose-response coefficient for membrane exposure, ηm, and nasal discharge virus dilution rate, ξdm. Other parameters were set the same as listed in Table 1.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Contribution ratios of different transmission routes with varying dose-response coefficient for inhalation exposure, ηin, and diameter of largest high viral-load droplet, dg. Other parameters were set the same as listed in Table 1.
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