Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in . gov or VSports app下载. mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. V体育官网.

Review
. 2020 Feb 12;12(2):457.
doi: 10.3390/nu12020457.

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

Dalia M Kopustinskiene  1 , Valdas Jakstas  1   2 , Arunas Savickas  3 , Jurga Bernatoniene  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

Dalia M Kopustinskiene et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis-they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action VSports手机版. .

Keywords: ROS; antioxidants; cancer; flavonoids; mitochondria; pro-oxidants. V体育安卓版.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main chemical structures of flavonoids.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of the main isoflavonoids.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of main flavanones.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of main flavanols.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of main flavonols.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of main flavones.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structures of main anthocyanidins.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The main characteristics of tumor mitochondria and tumor cells.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of flavonoids in oxidative stress. ROS—reactive oxygen species, NADPH-oxidase—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, GSH—glutathione, SOD—superoxide dismutase, CAT—catalase, GPx—glutathione peroxidase, GR—glutathione reductase.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Flavonoid targets in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. TNF—tumor necrosis factor, tBid—truncated Bid, Bcl-2—B-cell lymphoma protein 2, Bcl-xL—Bcl-2 homologue splice variants, Cyt c—cytochrome c, SMAC—second mitochondrial activator of caspases, IAPs—inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, APAF-1—apoptotic protease activating factor 1. Yellow arrows show the effect of flavonoids (activation or suppression).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Flavonoid targets during inflammation processes. TNF—tumor necrosis factor, IL—interleukin, AP-1—activator protein 1, NF-κB—nuclear factor kappa-light- chain-enhancer of activated B cells, STAT3—signal transducer and activator 3, NOX—NADPH oxidase, COX-2—cyclooxygenase-2, iNOS—inducible nitric oxide synthase, AMPK—AMP—activated protein kinase, PI3K—phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, Akt—protein kinase B, mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin, MAPK—mitogen activated protein kinase, ERK—extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, JNK—c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38—p38 kinse, IκB—IκB kinase, JAK—Janus kinase.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Indirect and direct effects of flavonoids on mitochondrial functions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

"VSports app下载" References

    1. Nabavi S.M., Samec D., Tomczyk M., Milella L., Russo D., Habtemariam S., Suntar I., Rastrelli L., Daglia M., Xiao J., et al. Flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in plants: Versatile targets for metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. Adv. 2018 doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.005. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Scarano A., Chieppa M., Santino A. Looking at Flavonoid Biodiversity in Horticultural Crops: A Colored Mine with Nutritional Benefits. Plants. 2018;7:98. doi: 10.3390/plants7040098. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu J., Wang X., Yong H., Kan J., Jin C. Recent advances in flavonoid-grafted polysaccharides: Synthesis, structural characterization, bioactivities and potential applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;116:1011–1025. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.149. - VSports在线直播 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kofink M., Papagiannopoulos M., Galensa R. (-)-Catechin in cocoa and chocolate: Occurrence and analysis of an atypical flavan-3-ol enantiomer. Molecules. 2007;12:1274–1288. doi: 10.3390/12071274. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Braicu C., Ladomery M.R., Chedea V.S., Irimie A., Berindan-Neagoe I. The relationship between the structure and biological actions of green tea catechins. Food Chem. 2013;141:3282–3289. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.122. - VSports在线直播 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms