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. 2010 Feb;34(2):242-50.
doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01087.x. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

A critical evaluation of influence of ethanol and diet on salsolinol enantiomers in humans and rats

Jeongrim Lee  1 , Vijay A Ramchandani, Kei Hamazaki, Eric A Engleman, William J McBride, Ting-Kai Li, Hee-Yong Kim
Affiliations

"VSports最新版本" A critical evaluation of influence of ethanol and diet on salsolinol enantiomers in humans and rats

Jeongrim Lee et al. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Feb.

Abstract

Background: (R/S)-Salsolinol (SAL), a condensation product of dopamine (DA) with acetaldehyde, has been speculated to have a role in the etiology of alcoholism. Earlier studies have shown the presence of SAL in biological fluids and postmortem brains from both alcoholics and nonalcoholics. However, the involvement of SAL in alcoholism has been controversial over several decades, since the reported SAL levels and their changes after ethanol exposure were not consistent, possibly due to inadequate analytical procedures and confounding factors such as diet and genetic predisposition. Using a newly developed mass spectrometric method to analyze SAL stereoisomers, we evaluated the contribution of ethanol, diet, and genetic background to SAL levels as well as its enantiomeric distribution VSports手机版. .

Methods: Simultaneous measurement of SAL enantiomers and DA were achieved by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) V体育安卓版. Plasma samples were collected from human subjects before and after banana (a food rich in SAL) intake, and during ethanol infusion. Rat plasma and brain samples were collected at various time points after the administration of SAL or banana by gavage. The brain parts including nucleus accumbens (NAC) and striatum (STR) were obtained from alcohol-non-preferring (NP) or alcohol-preferring (P) rats as well as P-rats which had a free access to ethanol (P-EtOH). .

Results: Plasma SAL levels were increased significantly after banana intake in humans. Consistently, administration of banana to rats also resulted in a drastic increase of plasma SAL levels, whereas brain SAL levels remained unaltered V体育ios版. Acute ethanol infusion did not change SAL levels or R/S ratio in plasma from healthy humans. The levels of both SAL isomers and DA were significantly lower in the NAC of P rats in comparison to NP rats. The SAL levels in NAC of P rats remained unchanged after chronic free-choice ethanol drinking. There were decreasing trends of SAL in STR and DA in both brain regions. No changes in enantiomeric ratio were observed after acute or chronic ethanol exposure. .

Conclusions: SAL from dietary sources is the major contributor to plasma SAL levels VSports最新版本. No significant changes of SAL plasma levels or enantiomeric distribution after acute or chronic ethanol exposure suggest that SAL may not be a biomarker for ethanol drinking. Significantly lower SAL and DA levels observed in NAC of P rats may be associated with innate alcohol preference. .

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V体育安卓版 - Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Representative MRM chromatogram of SAL enantiomers and DA found in rat brain NAC (17 mg) spiked with (S)-, (R)-SAL-d4, and DA-d4 as internal standards. (S)- and (R)-SAL were found to be 0.9 and 1.0 pg / mg, respectively, and DA level was 4.5 ng / mg. The separation was achieved using a mobile phase changing from MeOH:IPA 8:2 to 3:7 in 5 minutes with the flow rate of 0.12 ml / min.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of ethanol infusion on plasma SAL levels and enantiomeric distribution in nonalcoholic human subjects. Total SAL level (A) and R / S ratio (B) in plasma collected from volunteers during ethanol infusion (T = 0, 15, 45 minutes) are shown. Also shown are total SAL level (C) and R / S ratios (D) in plasma during saline infusion in the same subjects that participated in the ethanol infusion.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Influence of banana intake and ethanol infusion on plasma SAL and DA in nonalcohol human subjects. Total SAL levels before and after banana intake (A) are shown with time profiles of total SAL levels (B), R / S ratios (C), and DA levels (D). Plasma samples were collected from healthy subjects at various time points; T = −60 (1 hour before banana intake), T = 0 (beginning of ethanol infusion marked with a dashed line; 1 hour after banana intake), and T = 15, 30, 45 minutes (duration of ethanol infusion).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Time course of rat plasma SAL and DA levels following the i.g. administration of 10 μg SAL (A) and 3 g banana (B).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The levels of SAL and DA in the STR (A, C) and NAC (B, D) of NP, P-naïve, and P-EtOH rats. Values represent mean ± SD (n = 7 animals / group). Significantly lower SAL level was observed in NAC of P-rats in comparison to NP-rats. DA levels were also lower in both brain regions of P-rats. Free-choice ethanol drinking in P-rats did not increase SAL levels. Statistical significance was tested against NP rats. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
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